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BESM chapter :4 Economic environment

  Privatization – Meaning Privatization refers to the process of transferring the ownership, management, or control of government-owned enterprises, industries, or services to the private sector . It reduces the direct involvement of the government in business activities and increases the participation of private individuals, companies, and investors. In other words, privatization means shifting an enterprise or business activity from public ownership to private ownership or management . It may take place through the sale of government-owned enterprises, sale of government shares, leasing, or private management contracts. The main idea behind privatization is to allow private-sector organizations to operate businesses with greater efficiency, competition, productivity, and commercial orientation . It is commonly adopted to reduce the financial burden on the government, improve the performance of public enterprises, attract private investment, and improve the quality of goods an...
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BESM-Chapter :10 Organizational appraisal

  Core Competencies  १. परिचय तथा अर्थ Core Competencies भन्नाले कुनै संस्था वा व्यवसायसँग भएको त्यस्तो विशेष ज्ञान, सीप, क्षमता, प्रविधि, स्रोत र अनुभवको संयोजन हो, जसले संस्थालाई आफ्ना प्रतिस्पर्धीभन्दा राम्रो काम गर्न र प्रतिस्पर्धात्मक लाभ प्राप्त गर्न सहयोग गर्छ। सरल भाषामा, संस्थाले अरू प्रतिस्पर्धीभन्दा राम्रोसँग गर्न सक्ने विशेष क्षमता नै Core Competency हो। यो अवधारणालाई C. K. Prahalad र Gary Hamel ले सन् १९९० मा विशेष रूपमा प्रस्तुत गरेका थिए। २. Core Competencies का मुख्य विशेषताहरू क. मूल्यवान क्षमता: यसले ग्राहकलाई बढी मूल्य प्रदान गर्न र संस्थाको कार्यसम्पादन सुधार गर्न सहयोग गर्छ। ख. दुर्लभ क्षमता: यस्तो क्षमता सबै संस्थासँग समान रूपमा उपलब्ध हुँदैन। यसले संस्थालाई अरूभन्दा फरक बनाउन सहयोग गर्छ। ग. नक्कल गर्न कठिन: प्रतिस्पर्धीहरूले सजिलै नक्कल गर्न नसक्ने क्षमता हो। यस्तो क्षमता लामो समयको अनुभव, ज्ञान, प्रविधि र संगठनात्मक संस्कृतिबाट विकास हुन्छ। घ. सजिलै प्रतिस्थापन गर्न नसकिने: Core competency को स्थान अर्को सामान्य स्रोत वा क्षमताले सजिलै ...
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Chapter 6 -Research proposal and report writing

  Research Topic  A research topic is a specific subject, issue, or problem selected by a researcher for investigation and study . It gives the researcher a clear idea about what to study, whom to study, and in which area the study will be conducted . In very simple words A research topic is simply the subject that we want to study through research . For example: If a researcher wants to study why employees leave their jobs, the research topic could be: “Factors Affecting Employee Turnover in Commercial Banks of Nepal.” Characteristics of a Good Research Topic Clear – It should be easy to understand. Specific – It should not be too broad. Relevant – It should be related to the field of study. Researchable – Information and data should be available. Interesting – It should be interesting to the researcher. Manageable – It should be possible to complete within available time and resources. Original – It should provide some new or useful knowledge. Probl...
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  Population in Research  Meaning of Population In research, population refers to the entire group of individuals, objects, organizations, or units that possess certain common characteristics and about which the researcher wants to draw conclusions. In simple words, population is the complete set of units relevant to a particular research study . A population may include people, households, students, employees, customers, companies, banks, schools, or any other units of analysis. For example, if a researcher wants to study the job satisfaction of teachers in Simara , all teachers working in Simara are considered the population of the study . The researcher may not collect information from every teacher; instead, a sample can be selected from the population. Example Suppose a college has 500 BBS students , and a researcher wants to study their satisfaction with online learning. Population: All 500 BBS students Sample: 100 students selected from those 500 Research t...
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