BBS 2nd yr HRM CHAPTER 2

 Job design and job analysis

१. Job (/ काम)

Job भन्नाले कुनै व्यक्ति द्वारा संस्था वा संगठनका लागि पारिश्रमिक (तलब) को बदलामा नियमित रूपमा गरिने काम तथा जिम्मेवारीहरूको समष्टिलाई बुझिन्छ। Job निश्चित संस्थासँग सम्बन्धित हुन्छ र यसमा विभिन्न कार्य तथा कर्तव्यहरू समावेश हुन्छन्।
उदाहरण: कलेजमा अध्यापन गर्नु शिक्षकको job हो।

२. Task (कार्य)

Task भन्नाले job भित्र समावेश हुने सानो–सानो, विशिष्ट तथा निश्चित कामलाई जनाउँछ। एउटा job पूरा गर्न धेरै task हरू गर्नुपर्छ। Task job को आधारभूत एकाइ हो।
उदाहरण: लेक्चर तयार गर्नु, कक्षा लिनु, उत्तरपुस्तिका जाँच गर्नु शिक्षकका task हरू हुन्।

३. Position (पद)

Position भन्नाले कुनै संगठनभित्र एउटा व्यक्तिले धारण गरेको औपचारिक पद वा स्थानलाई जनाउँछ। Position सीमित संख्यामा हुन्छ र प्रत्येक position सँग निश्चित अधिकार, कर्तव्य तथा जिम्मेवारी जोडिएको हुन्छ।
उदाहरण: सिमरा कलेजको Management Lecturer एउटा position हो।

४. Occupation (पेशा)

Occupation भन्नाले मानिसहरू जीवनयापनको लागि अपनाउने व्यापक प्रकारको काम वा पेशालाई बुझिन्छ। यसमा समान प्रकारका job हरू समावेश हुन्छन् र यो संस्थाभन्दा बाहिर पनि लागू हुन्छ।
उदाहरण: अध्यापन (Teaching) एउटा occupation हो।

छोटकरीमा फरक (Exam Highlight ✨)

  • Task → सबैभन्दा सानो काम
  • Job → task हरूको समूह
  • Position → संगठनभित्रको औपचारिक पद
  • Occupation → व्यापक पेशा

 

Job Analysis (काम विश्लेषण)

Job Analysis भनेको कुनै निश्चित काम (Job) सम्बन्धी आवश्यक सबै जानकारीलाई व्यवस्थित रूपमा संकलन, अध्ययन र विश्लेषण गर्ने प्रक्रिया हो। यसले उक्त काममा के–के कार्य गर्नुपर्छ, ती कार्य कसरी र किन गर्नुपर्छ, तथा काम सफलतापूर्वक गर्न कर्मचारीसँग कस्तो ज्ञान, सीप, क्षमता र अनुभव हुनुपर्छ भन्ने कुरा स्पष्ट गर्छ।

Job Analysis अन्तर्गत कामको कर्तव्य र जिम्मेवारी, प्रयोग हुने उपकरण तथा सामग्री, काम गर्ने वातावरण, कामको समय, जोखिमको स्तर, तथा कर्मचारीको शैक्षिक योग्यता र व्यक्तिगत विशेषताहरूको अध्ययन गरिन्छ। यस प्रक्रियाले संस्थालाई कामको वास्तविक स्वरूप बुझ्न मद्दत गर्छ।

Job Analysis को आधारमा Job Description (कामको विवरण) र Job Specification (काम गर्न आवश्यक योग्यता) तयार गरिन्छ। यसले कर्मचारी छनोट तथा भर्ती प्रक्रिया सजिलो बनाउँछ। साथै, तालिम तथा विकास कार्यक्रम तयार गर्न, कार्यसम्पादन मूल्याङ्कन गर्न, तलब तथा पारिश्रमिक निर्धारण गर्न र पदोन्नति जस्ता निर्णय लिन Job Analysis अत्यन्त उपयोगी हुन्छ।

यसरी, Job Analysis प्रभावकारी मानव संसाधन व्यवस्थापनको आधार हो र संस्थाको कार्यक्षमता बढाउन महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका खेल्छ।


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