Business research chapter 2
साहित्य समीक्षा (Literature Review) भनेको कुनै अनुसन्धान विषय वा समस्यासँग सम्बन्धित पुस्तक, जर्नल, अनुसन्धान लेख, thesis, प्रतिवेदन तथा अन्य प्रकाशित वा अप्रकाशित सामग्रीहरूको व्यवस्थित, आलोचनात्मक तथा विश्लेषणात्मक अध्ययन गर्ने प्रक्रिया हो। यसले अनुसन्धानकर्तालाई अघिल्ला अध्ययनहरू, तिनका निष्कर्षहरू, प्रयोग गरिएका सिद्धान्त तथा अनुसन्धानमा रहेका कमीहरूबारे जानकारी प्रदान गर्दछ।
साहित्य समीक्षा अनुसन्धानको महत्वपूर्ण आधार हो, किनकि यसले अनुसन्धानलाई वैज्ञानिक, व्यवस्थित तथा उद्देश्यपूर्ण ढंगले अगाडि बढाउन सहयोग गर्दछ।
Importance of Literature Review (साहित्य समीक्षाको महत्व)
Literature review helps the researcher understand previous studies in a systematic way. It guides the researcher in identifying problems, selecting methods, and conducting effective research. The major importance of literature review are explained below:
1. Identifying Research Topic (अनुसन्धान विषय पहिचान)
Literature review helps to identify untouched areas and research gaps from previous studies. These gaps can become new research topics for researchers.
2. Developing Ideas to Collect Data (तथ्याङ्क संकलनका उपाय विकास)
By reviewing previous studies, a researcher gets ideas about different methods and sources for collecting data.
3. Knowing Methods of Data Analysis (तथ्याङ्क विश्लेषण विधि थाहा पाउनु)
Literature review provides knowledge about statistical and analytical techniques used by other researchers.
4. Knowing the Research Design (अनुसन्धान ढाँचा थाहा पाउनु)
It helps the researcher understand different research designs and select the most appropriate one for the study.
5. Assessing the Success of Various Research Designs (विभिन्न अनुसन्धान ढाँचाको सफलता मूल्याङ्कन)
A researcher can evaluate which research designs were successful in previous studies and apply suitable designs in his/her own research.
Purpose and Functions of Literature Review
(साहित्य समीक्षाको उद्देश्य तथा कार्य)
Literature review supports scientific research by providing theoretical and practical background. Its major purposes and functions are:
1. To Know Previous Research in the Chosen Field
(सम्बन्धित क्षेत्रमा भएका अघिल्ला अनुसन्धानबारे जानकारी प्राप्त गर्नु)
2. To Identify Research Gap
(अनुसन्धान अन्तर वा कमी पहिचान गर्नु)
3.To Develop Theoretical Framework
(सैद्धान्तिक ढाँचा विकास गर्नु)
4. To Develop Research Design
(अनुसन्धान ढाँचा तयार गर्नु)
5. To Update Current Issues
(समसामयिक विषयबारे अद्यावधिक हुनु)
6. To Know Methods of Data Analysis
(तथ्याङ्क विश्लेषण विधिबारे जानकारी पाउनु)
7. To Know Research Design
(अनुसन्धान डिजाइनबारे जानकारी पाउनु)
8. To Assess the Success of Various Research Designs
(विभिन्न अनुसन्धान ढाँचाको सफलताको मूल्याङ्कन गर्नु)
Sources of Literature Review
Books
Journals
Research articles
Theses and dissertations
Government reports
Websites and online databases
Phases in Literature Review
(साहित्य समीक्षाका चरणहरू)
Literature review is a systematic process. A researcher should follow different steps to complete an effective literature review. The major phases are explained below in simple language:
1. Identifying the Relevant Sources
(सम्बन्धित स्रोतहरूको पहिचान)
This is the first step of literature review. In this phase, the researcher identifies the sources related to the research topic. These sources provide necessary information for the study.
Sources may include:
- Books
- Journals
- Research articles
- Thesis and dissertations
- Government reports
- Newspapers and websites
Example:
If a researcher wants to study “Impact of Training on Employee Performance”, he/she searches books and articles related to training and employee performance.
Importance:
- Helps to collect authentic information
- Provides background knowledge about the topic
- Saves time and effort in research
2. Obtaining Literatures
(साहित्य संकलन)
After identifying the sources, the researcher collects or obtains the required literature from libraries, online databases, journals, or other sources.
Activities in this phase:
- Collecting books and articles
- Downloading research papers
- Visiting libraries or websites
- Organizing the collected materials
Importance:
- Provides sufficient information for research
- Helps in understanding previous studies
3. Reading
(पठन)
In this phase, the researcher carefully reads the collected literature to understand the ideas, concepts, methods, and findings of previous studies.
While reading, the researcher should focus on:
- Main objectives of previous studies
- Research methods used
- Findings and conclusions
- Research gaps and limitations
Importance:
- Develops deep understanding of the topic
- Helps to identify important concepts and theories
4. Extracting the Relevant Information
(सम्बन्धित जानकारी निकाल्ने)
After reading the literature, the researcher extracts useful and relevant information related to the research problem.
Information extracted may include:
- Definitions and concepts
- Research findings
- Theories and models
- Data collection and analysis methods
Example:
A researcher may note down:
- Types of training
- Effects of training on employees
- Methods used in previous studies
Importance:
- Helps to organize important information
- Makes report writing easier
5. Evaluating the Contents of the Literatures
(साहित्यको विषयवस्तुको मूल्याङ्कन)
In this stage, the researcher critically evaluates the collected information to determine its quality, reliability, usefulness, and relevance.
The researcher evaluates:
- Whether the information is reliable or not
- Whether the study is related to the research topic
- Strengths and weaknesses of previous studies
Importance:
- Helps to select useful and authentic literature
- Avoids using weak or irrelevant information
6. Writing up the Literature Review
(साहित्य समीक्षा लेखन)
This is the final stage. The researcher organizes and writes the reviewed literature in a systematic and logical manner.
The literature review should include:
- Introduction
- Review of previous studies
- Theoretical review
- Research gap
- Summary and conclusion
Importance:
- Provides strong foundation for research
- Shows understanding of previous studies
- Helps to justify the research problem
Conclusion
Literature review is an important part of research. By following these six phases systematically, a researcher can collect relevant knowledge, identify research gaps, and conduct scientific research effectively.
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