Business research chapter 2
साहित्य समीक्षा (Literature Review) भनेको कुनै अनुसन्धान विषय वा समस्यासँग सम्बन्धित पुस्तक, जर्नल, अनुसन्धान लेख, thesis, प्रतिवेदन तथा अन्य प्रकाशित वा अप्रकाशित सामग्रीहरूको व्यवस्थित, आलोचनात्मक तथा विश्लेषणात्मक अध्ययन गर्ने प्रक्रिया हो। यसले अनुसन्धानकर्तालाई अघिल्ला अध्ययनहरू, तिनका निष्कर्षहरू, प्रयोग गरिएका सिद्धान्त तथा अनुसन्धानमा रहेका कमीहरूबारे जानकारी प्रदान गर्दछ।
साहित्य समीक्षा अनुसन्धानको महत्वपूर्ण आधार हो, किनकि यसले अनुसन्धानलाई वैज्ञानिक, व्यवस्थित तथा उद्देश्यपूर्ण ढंगले अगाडि बढाउन सहयोग गर्दछ।
Importance of Literature Review (साहित्य समीक्षाको महत्व)
Literature review helps the researcher understand previous studies in a systematic way. It guides the researcher in identifying problems, selecting methods, and conducting effective research. The major importance of literature review are explained below:
1. Identifying Research Topic (अनुसन्धान विषय पहिचान)
Literature review helps to identify untouched areas and research gaps from previous studies. These gaps can become new research topics for researchers.
2. Developing Ideas to Collect Data (तथ्याङ्क संकलनका उपाय विकास)
By reviewing previous studies, a researcher gets ideas about different methods and sources for collecting data.
3. Knowing Methods of Data Analysis (तथ्याङ्क विश्लेषण विधि थाहा पाउनु)
Literature review provides knowledge about statistical and analytical techniques used by other researchers.
4. Knowing the Research Design (अनुसन्धान ढाँचा थाहा पाउनु)
It helps the researcher understand different research designs and select the most appropriate one for the study.
5. Assessing the Success of Various Research Designs (विभिन्न अनुसन्धान ढाँचाको सफलता मूल्याङ्कन)
A researcher can evaluate which research designs were successful in previous studies and apply suitable designs in his/her own research.
Purpose and Functions of Literature Review
(साहित्य समीक्षाको उद्देश्य तथा कार्य)
Literature review supports scientific research by providing theoretical and practical background. Its major purposes and functions are:
1. To Know Previous Research in the Chosen Field
(सम्बन्धित क्षेत्रमा भएका अघिल्ला अनुसन्धानबारे जानकारी प्राप्त गर्नु)
2. To Identify Research Gap
(अनुसन्धान अन्तर वा कमी पहिचान गर्नु)
3.To Develop Theoretical Framework
(सैद्धान्तिक ढाँचा विकास गर्नु)
4. To Develop Research Design
(अनुसन्धान ढाँचा तयार गर्नु)
5. To Update Current Issues
(समसामयिक विषयबारे अद्यावधिक हुनु)
6. To Know Methods of Data Analysis
(तथ्याङ्क विश्लेषण विधिबारे जानकारी पाउनु)
7. To Know Research Design
(अनुसन्धान डिजाइनबारे जानकारी पाउनु)
8. To Assess the Success of Various Research Designs
(विभिन्न अनुसन्धान ढाँचाको सफलताको मूल्याङ्कन गर्नु)
Sources of Literature Review
Books
Journals
Research articles
Theses and dissertations
Government reports
Websites and online databases
Phases in Literature Review
(साहित्य समीक्षाका चरणहरू)
Literature review is a systematic process. A researcher should follow different steps to complete an effective literature review. The major phases are explained below in simple language:
1. Identifying the Relevant Sources
(सम्बन्धित स्रोतहरूको पहिचान)
This is the first step of literature review. In this phase, the researcher identifies the sources related to the research topic. These sources provide necessary information for the study.
Sources may include:
- Books
- Journals
- Research articles
- Thesis and dissertations
- Government reports
- Newspapers and websites
Example:
If a researcher wants to study “Impact of Training on Employee Performance”, he/she searches books and articles related to training and employee performance.
Importance:
- Helps to collect authentic information
- Provides background knowledge about the topic
- Saves time and effort in research
2. Obtaining Literatures
(साहित्य संकलन)
After identifying the sources, the researcher collects or obtains the required literature from libraries, online databases, journals, or other sources.
Activities in this phase:
- Collecting books and articles
- Downloading research papers
- Visiting libraries or websites
- Organizing the collected materials
Importance:
- Provides sufficient information for research
- Helps in understanding previous studies
3. Reading
(पठन)
In this phase, the researcher carefully reads the collected literature to understand the ideas, concepts, methods, and findings of previous studies.
While reading, the researcher should focus on:
- Main objectives of previous studies
- Research methods used
- Findings and conclusions
- Research gaps and limitations
Importance:
- Develops deep understanding of the topic
- Helps to identify important concepts and theories
4. Extracting the Relevant Information
(सम्बन्धित जानकारी निकाल्ने)
After reading the literature, the researcher extracts useful and relevant information related to the research problem.
Information extracted may include:
- Definitions and concepts
- Research findings
- Theories and models
- Data collection and analysis methods
Example:
A researcher may note down:
- Types of training
- Effects of training on employees
- Methods used in previous studies
Importance:
- Helps to organize important information
- Makes report writing easier
5. Evaluating the Contents of the Literatures
(साहित्यको विषयवस्तुको मूल्याङ्कन)
In this stage, the researcher critically evaluates the collected information to determine its quality, reliability, usefulness, and relevance.
The researcher evaluates:
- Whether the information is reliable or not
- Whether the study is related to the research topic
- Strengths and weaknesses of previous studies
Importance:
- Helps to select useful and authentic literature
- Avoids using weak or irrelevant information
6. Writing up the Literature Review
(साहित्य समीक्षा लेखन)
This is the final stage. The researcher organizes and writes the reviewed literature in a systematic and logical manner.
The literature review should include:
- Introduction
- Review of previous studies
- Theoretical review
- Research gap
- Summary and conclusion
Importance:
- Provides strong foundation for research
- Shows understanding of previous studies
- Helps to justify the research problem
Conclusion,
Literature review is an important part of research. By following these six phases systematically, a researcher can collect relevant knowledge, identify research gaps, and conduct scientific research effectively.
Format of Literature Review (साहित्य समीक्षाको ढाँचा)
साहित्य समीक्षा लेख्दा सामान्यतया निम्न ढाँचा अपनाइन्छ:
1. Introduction (परिचय)
- अनुसन्धान विषयको संक्षिप्त परिचय
- साहित्य समीक्षाको उद्देश्य
- समीक्षाको दायरा (Scope)
2. Review of Theoretical Literature (सैद्धान्तिक साहित्य समीक्षा)
- विषयसँग सम्बन्धित सिद्धान्त, मोडेल तथा अवधारणाहरूको समीक्षा
- विभिन्न विद्वानहरूको दृष्टिकोण प्रस्तुत गर्ने
3. Review of Empirical Literature (अनुभवजन्य साहित्य समीक्षा)
- अघिल्ला अनुसन्धान तथा अध्ययनहरूको समीक्षा
- अध्ययनका उद्देश्य, विधि, निष्कर्ष तथा सुझावहरूको चर्चा
4. Research Gap (अनुसन्धान खाडल)
- अघिल्ला अध्ययनहरूमा रहेका कमी वा अपूर्ण पक्षहरूको पहिचान
- नयाँ अनुसन्धान किन आवश्यक छ भन्ने स्पष्ट गर्ने
5. Conceptual/Theoretical Framework (अवधारणात्मक/सैद्धान्तिक ढाँचा)
- प्रमुख चलहरू (Variables) बीचको सम्बन्ध देखाउने
- अनुसन्धानको आधार प्रस्तुत गर्ने
6. Summary and Conclusion (सारांश तथा निष्कर्ष)
- मुख्य निष्कर्षहरूको संक्षेप
- अनुसन्धानसँग सम्बन्धित महत्वपूर्ण बुँदाहरूको सार प्रस्तुत गर्ने
Simple Format for Thesis/Report
- Introduction
- Theoretical Review
- Empirical Review
- Research Gap
- Conceptual Framework
- Summary of Literature Review
Format of Literature Review
A literature review is generally organized in the following format:
1. Introduction
- Introduce the research topic.
- Explain the purpose of the literature review.
- Define the scope and boundaries of the review.
2. Theoretical Review
- Review relevant theories, concepts, and models.
- Discuss the viewpoints of different authors and scholars.
- Establish the theoretical foundation of the study.
3. Empirical Review
- Review previous research studies related to the topic.
- Present the objectives, methodology, findings, and conclusions of earlier studies.
- Compare and contrast different research findings.
4. Research Gap
- Identify limitations or gaps in previous studies.
- Explain what aspects have not been adequately addressed.
- Justify the need for the current research.
5. Conceptual/Theoretical Framework
- Present the relationship among key variables.
- Provide a framework that guides the research.
6. Summary and Conclusion
- Summarize the major findings from the reviewed literature.
- Highlight the key issues relevant to the current study.
- Conclude how the reviewed literature supports the research.
Simple Literature Review Format for Thesis
Chapter II: Review of Literature
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Theoretical Review
2.3 Empirical Review
- Study 1
- Study 2
- Study 3
- Study 4
2.4 Research Gap
2.5 Conceptual Framework
2.6 Summary of Literature Review
This format is commonly used in BBS, MBS, MBA, and other thesis/dissertation reports.
Example of literature review format
Chapter II: Literature Review
Profitability Analysis of Commercial Banks
2.1 Introduction
Profitability is one of the most important indicators of a bank's financial performance. It reflects the ability of a bank to generate earnings from its assets, investments, and operations. The profitability of commercial banks is influenced by both internal factors such as management efficiency, capital adequacy, and asset quality, and external factors such as economic conditions, inflation, and government policies. This chapter reviews the theoretical and empirical literature related to the profitability of commercial banks.
2.2 Theoretical Review
Concept of Profitability
Profitability refers to the ability of an organization to earn profit from its business activities over a specific period. In the banking sector, profitability indicates how efficiently a bank utilizes its resources to generate income and maximize shareholders' wealth.
According to Peter S. Rose, profitability is the net result of a bank's operating policies and management decisions.
Measures of Bank Profitability
a) Return on Assets (ROA)
ROA measures how efficiently a bank uses its assets to generate profit.
A higher ROA indicates better management efficiency.
b) Return on Equity (ROE)
ROE measures the return earned on shareholders' investment.
A higher ROE signifies effective utilization of shareholders' funds.
c) Net Interest Margin (NIM)
NIM measures the difference between interest income and interest expenses relative to earning assets.
d) Earnings per Share (EPS)
EPS indicates the amount of profit attributable to each outstanding share.
2.3 Empirical Review
Study 1
Athanasoglou Panayiotis, Brissimis, and Delis (2008) examined the determinants of bank profitability in Southeast European countries. The study found that capital adequacy, operational efficiency, and economic growth positively affect bank profitability.
Study 2
Bourke Philip (1989) analyzed the profitability of banks across different countries and concluded that well-capitalized banks tend to be more profitable than poorly capitalized banks.
Study 3
Molyneux Philip and Thornton (1992) found a positive relationship between concentration in the banking industry and bank profitability.
Study 4 (Nepal Context)
Several studies on Nepalese commercial banks have reported that factors such as liquidity, credit risk, operating efficiency, capital adequacy, and bank size significantly influence profitability. ROA and ROE are commonly used indicators for evaluating bank performance.
2.4 Research Gap
Most previous studies have focused on identifying determinants of profitability in foreign banking sectors. Although some studies have examined Nepalese commercial banks, limited research has compared profitability among commercial banks using recent financial data. Therefore, there is a need to analyze and compare the profitability performance of commercial banks in Nepal using current financial indicators such as ROA, ROE, EPS, and Net Profit Margin.
2.5 Conceptual Framework
Independent Variables
- Capital Adequacy
- Liquidity
- Bank Size
- Credit Risk
- Operating Efficiency
⬇
Dependent Variable
- Profitability (ROA, ROE, EPS)
2.6 Summary
The literature indicates that profitability is a key measure of the financial performance of commercial banks. Previous studies suggest that profitability is influenced by both internal and external factors. ROA, ROE, and EPS are widely used indicators for evaluating bank profitability. However, limited studies have focused on comparative profitability analysis of Nepalese commercial banks using recent data. This study aims to address this gap and contribute to a better understanding of the profitability performance of commercial banks.
Guidelines for Conducting Literature Review (साहित्य समीक्षा गर्ने निर्देशिका)
साहित्य समीक्षा अनुसन्धानको महत्वपूर्ण चरण हो। प्रभावकारी साहित्य समीक्षा गर्न निम्न निर्देशिकाहरू पालना गर्नुपर्छ:
1. अनुसन्धान विषय स्पष्ट रूपमा निर्धारण गर्ने
सर्वप्रथम अनुसन्धानको विषय, उद्देश्य तथा अनुसन्धान प्रश्न स्पष्ट रूपमा निर्धारण गर्नुपर्छ। यसले आवश्यक साहित्य छनोट गर्न मद्दत गर्दछ।
2. सम्बन्धित साहित्य खोजी गर्ने
विषयसँग सम्बन्धित पुस्तक, जर्नल, अनुसन्धान लेख, थेसिस, प्रतिवेदन तथा अन्य विश्वसनीय स्रोतहरू संकलन गर्नुपर्छ।
3. साहित्यको मूल्याङ्कन गर्ने
संकलित साहित्यको विश्वसनीयता, सान्दर्भिकता तथा गुणस्तरको मूल्याङ्कन गर्नुपर्छ। सबै स्रोत समान रूपमा उपयोगी नहुन सक्छन्।
4. साहित्यलाई व्यवस्थित रूपमा वर्गीकरण गर्ने
साहित्यलाई विषय, अवधारणा, सिद्धान्त, समय, वा अनुसन्धान पद्धतिका आधारमा वर्गीकरण गर्नुपर्छ।
5. विश्लेषण र तुलना गर्ने
विभिन्न लेखक तथा अनुसन्धानकर्ताहरूका निष्कर्षहरू तुलना गरी समानता, भिन्नता तथा सम्बन्ध पहिचान गर्नुपर्छ।
6. अनुसन्धान खाडल (Research Gap) पहिचान गर्ने
अघिल्ला अध्ययनहरूमा समेटिएका र नसमेटिएका पक्षहरूको विश्लेषण गरी नयाँ अनुसन्धानको आवश्यकता देखाउनुपर्छ।
7. आलोचनात्मक समीक्षा गर्ने
सिर्फ सारांश प्रस्तुत नगरी साहित्यका बलिया पक्ष, कमजोरी तथा सीमाहरूको आलोचनात्मक विश्लेषण गर्नुपर्छ।
8. तार्किक ढङ्गले प्रस्तुत गर्ने
साहित्य समीक्षा परिचय, सैद्धान्तिक समीक्षा, अनुभवजन्य समीक्षा, अनुसन्धान खाडल तथा निष्कर्षको क्रमअनुसार व्यवस्थित रूपमा लेख्नुपर्छ।
9. उचित सन्दर्भ (Citation) प्रयोग गर्ने
प्रयोग गरिएका सबै स्रोतहरूलाई स्वीकृत सन्दर्भ शैली (APA, MLA, Harvard आदि) अनुसार उद्धृत गर्नुपर्छ।
10. निष्कर्ष तयार गर्ने
समीक्षा गरिएका साहित्यका मुख्य निष्कर्षहरू संक्षेपमा प्रस्तुत गरी अनुसन्धानसँगको सम्बन्ध स्पष्ट गर्नुपर्छ।
Conclusion
साहित्य समीक्षा गर्दा सम्बन्धित साहित्यको खोज, विश्लेषण, तुलना, मूल्याङ्कन तथा अनुसन्धान खाडलको पहिचानलाई विशेष ध्यान दिनुपर्छ। राम्रो साहित्य समीक्षाले अनुसन्धानलाई बलियो सैद्धान्तिक र अनुभवजन्य आधार प्रदान गर्दछ।
Guidelines for Conducting a Literature Review
A literature review is a systematic examination and evaluation of existing studies related to a research topic. The following guidelines should be followed while conducting a literature review:
1. Define the Research Topic Clearly
Clearly identify the research problem, objectives, and research questions. This helps in selecting relevant literature.
2. Search for Relevant Literature
Collect information from reliable sources such as books, academic journals, research articles, theses, dissertations, conference papers, and official reports.
3. Evaluate the Sources
Assess the credibility, relevance, accuracy, and quality of the selected literature before using it in the review.
4. Organize the Literature
Classify the literature according to themes, concepts, theories, methodologies, or chronological order to make the review systematic.
5. Analyze and Compare Findings
Compare and contrast the findings of different studies. Identify similarities, differences, trends, and relationships among them.
6. Identify Research Gaps
Determine areas that have not been adequately studied or where findings are inconsistent. These gaps provide justification for the current research.
7. Critically Review the Literature
Do not merely summarize previous studies. Evaluate their strengths, weaknesses, limitations, and contributions to the field.
8. Maintain Logical Flow
Present the review in a clear and logical sequence, usually including introduction, theoretical review, empirical review, research gap, and summary.
9. Use Proper Citation and Referencing
Acknowledge all sources using an appropriate referencing style such as APA, MLA, Harvard, or Chicago to avoid plagiarism.
10. Summarize the Major Findings
Conclude the literature review by summarizing the key findings and explaining how they relate to the current study.
Conclusion
A good literature review requires a systematic search, critical evaluation, organization, and synthesis of existing knowledge. It helps researchers understand the current state of knowledge, identify research gaps, and provide a strong foundation for their study.
Literature Search Through the Internet
Meaning
Literature search through the internet refers to the process of finding, collecting, and reviewing relevant academic and research materials from online sources. It helps researchers access a wide range of information quickly and efficiently.
Sources for Internet Literature Search
1. Online Academic Databases
These databases provide access to scholarly articles, journals, conference papers, and research reports.
- Google Scholar
- JSTOR
- ScienceDirect
- Springer
- ResearchGate
2. University Libraries
Many universities provide online access to books, journals, theses, and dissertations through their digital libraries.
3. Government and Institutional Websites
Government agencies, international organizations, and research institutions publish reports, statistics, and policy documents online.
4. E-books and Online Journals
Researchers can access electronic books and peer-reviewed journals through various online platforms.
Steps in Conducting an Internet Literature Search
- Define the research topic clearly.
- Identify keywords and search terms related to the topic.
- Search relevant databases and websites.
- Review abstracts and summaries of articles.
- Select credible and relevant sources.
- Download, organize, and record references.
- Critically evaluate the collected literature.
Advantages of Internet Literature Search
- Quick access to a large amount of information.
- Availability of recent and updated research.
- Easy retrieval and storage of documents.
- Cost-effective and time-saving.
- Access to global research publications.
Limitations of Internet Literature Search
- Presence of unreliable or non-academic sources.
- Information overload.
- Some journals and databases require paid subscriptions.
- Risk of plagiarism if sources are not properly cited.
Conclusion
Internet-based literature search is an essential part of modern research. It enables researchers to access current and relevant information efficiently, identify research gaps, and build a strong foundation for their studies.
इन्टरनेटमार्फत साहित्य खोज (Literature Search Through Internet)
परिचय
इन्टरनेटमार्फत साहित्य खोज भन्नाले अनुसन्धान विषयसँग सम्बन्धित पुस्तक, जर्नल, अनुसन्धान लेख, प्रतिवेदन, थेसिस तथा अन्य शैक्षिक सामग्रीहरू इन्टरनेटको माध्यमबाट खोजी, संकलन र अध्ययन गर्ने प्रक्रियालाई जनाउँछ। आधुनिक अनुसन्धानमा यो साहित्य खोजको सबैभन्दा प्रभावकारी र लोकप्रिय माध्यम हो।
इन्टरनेटमार्फत साहित्य खोजका स्रोतहरू
१. अनलाइन शैक्षिक डाटाबेसहरू
- Google Scholar
- JSTOR
- ScienceDirect
- Springer
- ResearchGate
२. विश्वविद्यालयका डिजिटल पुस्तकालय
विश्वविद्यालयहरूले उपलब्ध गराएका ई–पुस्तक, जर्नल, थेसिस तथा अनुसन्धान प्रतिवेदनहरू।
३. सरकारी तथा संस्थागत वेबसाइटहरू
सरकारी निकाय, अनुसन्धान संस्था तथा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय संगठनहरूले प्रकाशित गरेका प्रतिवेदन, तथ्याङ्क तथा नीति दस्तावेजहरू।
४. अनलाइन जर्नल तथा ई-पुस्तकहरू
विषयगत अध्ययनका लागि आवश्यक शैक्षिक सामग्रीहरू।
इन्टरनेटमार्फत साहित्य खोज्ने चरणहरू
१. अनुसन्धान विषय स्पष्ट गर्ने
अनुसन्धानको समस्या तथा उद्देश्य निर्धारण गर्ने।
२. मुख्य शब्दहरू (Keywords) छनोट गर्ने
विषयसँग सम्बन्धित उपयुक्त शब्द तथा वाक्यांशहरू तयार गर्ने।
३. खोजी गर्ने
विभिन्न डाटाबेस तथा वेबसाइटहरूमा कीवर्ड प्रयोग गरी सामग्री खोज्ने।
४. सामग्रीको समीक्षा गर्ने
प्राप्त लेख, पुस्तक तथा प्रतिवेदनहरूको सारांश (Abstract) अध्ययन गर्ने।
५. उपयुक्त स्रोत छनोट गर्ने
विश्वसनीय र अनुसन्धानसँग सम्बन्धित सामग्री चयन गर्ने।
६. सन्दर्भ व्यवस्थापन गर्ने
स्रोतहरूलाई व्यवस्थित रूपमा सुरक्षित राख्ने तथा सन्दर्भ सूची तयार गर्ने।
७. आलोचनात्मक मूल्याङ्कन गर्ने
साहित्यको गुणस्तर, विश्वसनीयता तथा सान्दर्भिकताको मूल्याङ्कन गर्ने।
फाइदाहरू
- छिटो र सहज रूपमा जानकारी प्राप्त हुन्छ।
- नवीनतम अनुसन्धान सामग्री उपलब्ध हुन्छ।
- समय र लागत बचत हुन्छ।
- विश्वव्यापी स्रोतहरूमा पहुँच प्राप्त हुन्छ।
- सामग्रीलाई सजिलै सङ्ग्रह र व्यवस्थापन गर्न सकिन्छ।
सीमाहरू
- अविश्वसनीय स्रोतहरू पनि उपलब्ध हुन सक्छन्।
- अत्यधिक जानकारीका कारण छनोट गर्न कठिन हुन सक्छ।
- केही जर्नल तथा डाटाबेसहरू सशुल्क हुन्छन्।
- उचित सन्दर्भ नदिँदा साहित्यिक चोरी (Plagiarism) को जोखिम हुन्छ।
निष्कर्ष
इन्टरनेटमार्फत साहित्य खोज आधुनिक अनुसन्धानको अत्यन्त महत्वपूर्ण प्रक्रिया हो। यसले अनुसन्धानकर्तालाई छिटो, सान्दर्भिक तथा अद्यावधिक जानकारी उपलब्ध गराई अनुसन्धानलाई बलियो आधार प्रदान गर्दछ।
Concept of Meta-Analysis
Meta-analysis is an advanced quantitative research technique that combines and statistically analyzes the results of multiple independent studies conducted on the same topic or research problem. It aims to provide a more accurate, reliable, and comprehensive conclusion than any single study can offer.
The basic concept of meta-analysis is based on the idea that findings from several studies can be integrated to estimate the overall effect, relationship, or trend more precisely. By pooling data from different studies, researchers increase the sample size and statistical power, which improves the validity and generalizability of the results.
Meta-analysis is widely used in fields such as management, education, medicine, psychology, and social sciences to synthesize existing research evidence and support evidence-based decision-making. It helps researchers identify patterns, resolve inconsistencies among studies, and determine the overall magnitude of an effect.
In summary, meta-analysis is a systematic and statistical method of combining the results of multiple studies on a particular topic to obtain a more reliable and comprehensive conclusion.
Concept of Meta-Analysis (मेटा विश्लेषणको अवधारणा)
मेटा विश्लेषण (Meta-Analysis) अनुसन्धानको एक उन्नत सांख्यिकीय प्रविधि हो जसमा एउटै विषयमा गरिएका धेरै स्वतन्त्र अध्ययनहरूको नतिजालाई एकीकृत गरी समग्र निष्कर्ष निकालिन्छ। यसले विभिन्न अनुसन्धानहरूबाट प्राप्त प्रमाणहरूलाई संयोजन गरेर कुनै सम्बन्ध, प्रभाव वा प्रवृत्तिको वास्तविक अवस्था पत्ता लगाउन मद्दत गर्दछ।
मेटा विश्लेषणको मूल अवधारणा भनेको एकल अध्ययनको सीमिततालाई कम गर्दै धेरै अध्ययनहरूको संयुक्त परिणामबाट अधिक विश्वसनीय, सटीक र सामान्यीकरण गर्न सकिने निष्कर्ष प्राप्त गर्नु हो। यस विधिमा सम्बन्धित अनुसन्धानहरूको छनोट, तथ्याङ्क सङ्कलन, प्रभाव आकार (Effect Size) को गणना तथा सांख्यिकीय विश्लेषण गरी अन्तिम निष्कर्ष प्रस्तुत गरिन्छ।
व्यवस्थापन, शिक्षा, स्वास्थ्य, सामाजिक विज्ञान तथा अन्य अनुसन्धान क्षेत्रहरूमा मेटा विश्लेषण प्रमाणमा आधारित निर्णय (Evidence-Based Decision Making) का लागि महत्वपूर्ण मानिन्छ। यसले अनुसन्धानकर्तालाई विभिन्न अध्ययनहरूबीचको समानता र भिन्नता पहिचान गर्न तथा कुनै विषयको समग्र प्रभाव मूल्याङ्कन गर्न सहयोग पुर्याउँछ।
संक्षेपमा, मेटा विश्लेषण भनेको एउटै विषयमा भएका धेरै अनुसन्धानहरूको नतिजालाई सांख्यिकीय रूपमा एकीकृत गरी थप विश्वसनीय र व्यापक निष्कर्ष निकाल्ने अनुसन्धान विधि हो।
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