Chapter 6 -Research proposal and report writing

 

Research Topic 

A research topic is a specific subject, issue, or problem selected by a researcher for investigation and study. It gives the researcher a clear idea about what to study, whom to study, and in which area the study will be conducted.

In very simple words

A research topic is simply the subject that we want to study through research.

For example:
If a researcher wants to study why employees leave their jobs, the research topic could be:

“Factors Affecting Employee Turnover in Commercial Banks of Nepal.”

Characteristics of a Good Research Topic

  1. Clear – It should be easy to understand.
  2. Specific – It should not be too broad.
  3. Relevant – It should be related to the field of study.
  4. Researchable – Information and data should be available.
  5. Interesting – It should be interesting to the researcher.
  6. Manageable – It should be possible to complete within available time and resources.
  7. Original – It should provide some new or useful knowledge.
  8. Problem-oriented – It should focus on a particular issue or problem.
  9. Feasible – The researcher should have access to required data and resources.
  10. Ethical – The research should be possible without violating ethical principles.

Importance of a Research Topic

  • Provides direction to the research.
  • Helps to identify the research problem.
  • Helps in setting research objectives.
  • Guides the literature review.
  • Helps select an appropriate research methodology.
  • Helps identify the required data and information.
  • Makes the research focused and manageable.
  • Helps determine the scope of the study.

Example

Broad area: Human Resource Management
↓
Research topic: Employee Job Satisfaction
↓
Specific topic: “Factors Affecting Job Satisfaction of Employees in Commercial Banks of Nepal.”


Thus, a research topic is the starting point of a research study. It defines the particular subject or problem that the researcher intends to investigate systematically to obtain useful findings and knowledge.

अनुसन्धान विषय (Research Topic) भनेको के हो?

अनुसन्धान विषय भनेको अनुसन्धानकर्ताले अध्ययन तथा अनुसन्धान गर्न छनोट गरेको निश्चित विषय, समस्या वा क्षेत्र हो। यसले अनुसन्धान के विषयमा गरिने हो भन्ने स्पष्ट गर्छ।

सरल भाषामा

Research Topic भनेको हामीले अनुसन्धानमार्फत अध्ययन गर्न चाहेको विषय हो।

उदाहरण:
यदि विद्यार्थीहरूले कलेजमा किन नियमित उपस्थिति जनाउँदैनन् भन्ने अध्ययन गर्न चाहियो भने अनुसन्धान विषय हुन सक्छ:

“कलेजका विद्यार्थीहरूको अनुपस्थितिलाई प्रभाव पार्ने तत्वहरू”

राम्रो अनुसन्धान विषयका विशेषताहरू

  1. स्पष्ट हुनुपर्छ।
  2. विशिष्ट हुनुपर्छ।
  3. सम्बन्धित हुनुपर्छ।
  4. अनुसन्धान गर्न सकिने हुनुपर्छ।
  5. अनुसन्धानकर्तालाई रुचि भएको हुनुपर्छ।
  6. उपलब्ध समय र स्रोतअनुसार व्यवहारिक हुनुपर्छ।
  7. आवश्यक तथ्याङ्क तथा सूचना उपलब्ध हुनुपर्छ।
  8. विषय धेरै व्यापक वा धेरै साँघुरो हुनु हुँदैन।
  9. यसले कुनै समस्या वा प्रश्नलाई सम्बोधन गर्नुपर्छ।
  10. अनुसन्धानबाट उपयोगी ज्ञान प्राप्त हुने हुनुपर्छ।

अनुसन्धान विषयको महत्त्व

  • अनुसन्धानलाई दिशा प्रदान गर्छ।
  • अनुसन्धान समस्या पहिचान गर्न सहयोग गर्छ।
  • अनुसन्धानका उद्देश्य निर्धारण गर्न सहयोग गर्छ।
  • Literature Review गर्न सजिलो हुन्छ।
  • उपयुक्त Research Methodology छनोट गर्न सहयोग गर्छ।
  • आवश्यक तथ्याङ्क र सूचना पहिचान गर्न मद्दत गर्छ।
  • अनुसन्धानलाई केन्द्रित र व्यवस्थित बनाउँछ।
  • अनुसन्धानको सीमा (Scope) निर्धारण गर्न सहयोग गर्छ।

उदाहरण

व्यापक क्षेत्र: मानव संसाधन व्यवस्थापन
↓
अनुसन्धान क्षेत्र: कर्मचारी सन्तुष्टि
↓
अनुसन्धान विषय: “वाणिज्य बैंकका कर्मचारीहरूको कार्य सन्तुष्टिलाई प्रभाव पार्ने तत्वहरू”

यसर्थ, अनुसन्धान विषय अनुसन्धानको प्रारम्भिक आधार हो। यसले अनुसन्धानकर्ताले कुन विषय, समस्या वा क्षेत्रमा व्यवस्थित रूपमा अध्ययन गर्ने भन्ने स्पष्ट गर्दछ।

The image explains “Factors to be considered while selecting a research topic.” In simple words, before choosing a research topic, a researcher should think about the following seven factors:

1. Brainstorming

The researcher should think of several possible topics before selecting one. Write down different ideas and consider which one can be researched properly.

Example: If you are interested in banking, you may think of topics like credit risk, profitability, customer satisfaction, digital banking, etc.

2. Deep Interest

The researcher should select a topic in which they have strong personal interest. Research takes considerable time and effort, so interest helps the researcher remain motivated.

Example: If you are interested in women entrepreneurship, researching women entrepreneurs will be easier and more enjoyable.

3. Knowledge of General Background

The researcher should have some basic knowledge about the topic. This helps in understanding the research problem, finding information, and developing objectives.

Example: Before researching “Credit Risk Management,” you should have a basic understanding of credit and banking.

4. Worth

The selected topic should be useful and meaningful. Research should contribute something to society, an organization, students, policymakers, or future researchers.

Example: Research on “Customer Satisfaction with Digital Banking” may help banks improve their services.

5. Manageable

The topic should be possible to complete within the available time, money, data, and resources. A topic that is too broad may be difficult to handle.

Example: “Impact of Banking on the World Economy” is too broad, while “Impact of Digital Banking on Customer Satisfaction in Selected Commercial Banks of Nepal” is more manageable.

6. Flexible

The topic should allow the researcher to make necessary changes or modifications during the research process if required.

For example, if sufficient data cannot be obtained from one group of respondents, the researcher may modify the population or study area.

7. Make a List of Keywords

The researcher should identify important words related to the topic. These keywords help in searching books, journals, articles, previous studies, and other sources.

Example: For a topic on digital banking, keywords may include:

  • Digital banking
  • Mobile banking
  • Customer satisfaction
  • E-banking
  • Online banking
  • Service quality

In short

A good research topic should be interesting, knowledgeable, useful, manageable, and flexible, and the researcher should brainstorm ideas and identify relevant keywords before finalizing the topic.

अनुसन्धानको विषय छनोट गर्दा विचार गर्नुपर्ने कुराहरू

अनुसन्धानका लागि उपयुक्त Research Topic (अनुसन्धान विषय) छनोट गर्नु धेरै महत्त्वपूर्ण हुन्छ। विषय छनोट गर्दा निम्न ७ कुरालाई ध्यान दिनुपर्छ।

१. Brainstorming (विचार मन्थन)

अनुसन्धान विषय छनोट गर्नुअघि अनुसन्धानकर्ताले धेरै सम्भावित विषयहरूबारे सोच्नुपर्छ र ती विषयहरूको सूची बनाउनुपर्छ। त्यसपछि सबैभन्दा उपयुक्त विषय छनोट गर्नुपर्छ।

उदाहरण: बैंकिङ क्षेत्रमा अनुसन्धान गर्ने हो भने—Credit Risk, Profitability, Customer Satisfaction, Digital Banking आदि विषयबारे सोच्न सकिन्छ।

२. Deep Interest (गहिरो रुचि)

अनुसन्धानकर्तालाई विषयमा गहिरो रुचि हुनुपर्छ। अनुसन्धान लामो समयसम्म गर्नुपर्ने भएकाले रुचि भएको विषयमा काम गर्दा उत्साह र लगनशीलता कायम रहन्छ।

उदाहरण: महिला उद्यमशीलतामा रुचि छ भने Women Entrepreneurship सम्बन्धी अनुसन्धान गर्न सकिन्छ।

३. Knowledge of General Background (सामान्य पृष्ठभूमिको ज्ञान)

अनुसन्धानकर्तालाई छनोट गरिएको विषयको सामान्य तथा आधारभूत ज्ञान हुनुपर्छ। यसले समस्या पहिचान गर्न, उद्देश्य बनाउन र आवश्यक सूचना खोज्न सजिलो हुन्छ।

उदाहरण: Credit Risk Management मा अनुसन्धान गर्नुअघि Credit र Banking सम्बन्धी आधारभूत ज्ञान हुनुपर्छ।

४. Worth (महत्त्व/उपयोगिता)

अनुसन्धानको विषय महत्त्वपूर्ण र उपयोगी हुनुपर्छ। अनुसन्धानबाट प्राप्त नतिजाले समाज, संस्था, व्यवसाय, नीति निर्माता वा भविष्यका अनुसन्धानकर्तालाई केही फाइदा पुग्नुपर्छ।

उदाहरण: Digital Banking ले Customer Satisfaction मा पार्ने प्रभाव सम्बन्धी अनुसन्धानले बैंकलाई सेवा सुधार गर्न सहयोग गर्न सक्छ।

५. Manageable (व्यवस्थापन गर्न सकिने)

विषय समय, खर्च, जनशक्ति, तथ्याङ्क र स्रोत–साधनका आधारमा पूरा गर्न सकिने हुनुपर्छ। धेरै ठूलो वा अत्यधिक व्यापक विषय छनोट गर्नु हुँदैन।

उदाहरण:
❌ “Impact of Banking on World Economy” — धेरै व्यापक।
✅ “Impact of Digital Banking on Customer Satisfaction of Selected Commercial Banks in Nepal” — तुलनात्मक रूपमा व्यवस्थापन गर्न सकिने।

६. Flexible (लचिलो)

अनुसन्धानको विषय आवश्यकताअनुसार केही परिवर्तन वा परिमार्जन गर्न सकिने हुनुपर्छ। अनुसन्धानका क्रममा समस्या आएमा विषयको क्षेत्र, नमुना वा अन्य पक्षलाई आवश्यकताअनुसार समायोजन गर्न सकिन्छ।

७. Make a List of Keywords (मुख्य शब्दहरूको सूची बनाउने)

छनोट गरिएको विषयसँग सम्बन्धित मुख्य शब्दहरू (Keywords) को सूची बनाउनुपर्छ। यसले पुस्तक, जर्नल, लेख तथा अघिल्ला अनुसन्धानहरू खोज्न सजिलो हुन्छ।

उदाहरण: Digital Banking विषयका Keywords:

  • Digital Banking
  • Mobile Banking
  • Customer Satisfaction
  • E-Banking
  • Online Banking
  • Service Quality

छोटोमा सम्झने तरिका

Brainstorming → Interest → Knowledge → Worth → Manageable → Flexible → Keywords

अर्थात्, राम्रो अनुसन्धान विषय रुचिकर, ज्ञानमा आधारित, उपयोगी, व्यवस्थापन गर्न सकिने र लचिलो हुनुपर्छ

Meaning of Research Proposal 

A research proposal is a written plan for a research study. It explains what the researcher wants to study, why the study is important, and how the research will be done.

In simple words, a research proposal is like a roadmap of research. It gives a clear idea about the research topic, problem, objectives, methods of collecting data, and expected results.

It is prepared before starting the actual research. It helps the researcher conduct the study in a proper, systematic, and organized way.

Therefore, a research proposal is a plan that tells what to research, why to research, and how to research.

अनुसन्धान प्रस्ताव (Research Proposal) 

अनुसन्धान प्रस्ताव भनेको अनुसन्धान सुरु गर्नुभन्दा अगाडि तयार गरिने अनुसन्धानको लिखित योजना हो। यसमा अनुसन्धानकर्ताले के विषयमा अनुसन्धान गर्ने, किन गर्ने र कसरी गर्ने भन्ने कुरा स्पष्ट रूपमा उल्लेख गरिन्छ।

सरल भाषामा भन्नुपर्दा, अनुसन्धान प्रस्ताव भनेको अनुसन्धानको नक्सा वा मार्गचित्र हो। यसले अनुसन्धानलाई व्यवस्थित र सही तरिकाले अगाडि बढाउन सहयोग गर्छ।

अनुसन्धान प्रस्तावमा सामान्यतया अनुसन्धानको विषय, समस्याको विवरण, उद्देश्य, अनुसन्धान प्रश्न, अध्ययनको महत्त्व, सम्बन्धित साहित्य र अनुसन्धान विधि आदिको जानकारी दिइन्छ।

यो प्रस्ताव वास्तविक अनुसन्धान सुरु गर्नुभन्दा पहिले तयार गरिन्छ। यसले अनुसन्धानको योजना स्पष्ट पार्नुका साथै अनुसन्धान सम्भव छ कि छैन भन्ने कुरा बुझ्न पनि सहयोग गर्छ।

निष्कर्षमा, अनुसन्धान प्रस्ताव भनेको के अनुसन्धान गर्ने, किन गर्ने र कसरी गर्ने भन्ने कुरा समेटिएको अनुसन्धानको लिखित योजना हो।

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